The underwater current was strongest in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Central American Seaway and the South Pacific Ocean, exceeding 0.4 miles per hour (643 metres per hour), which is strong enough to blast away sediments on the ocean floor. And by 48 hours after impact, large tsunami waves had reached most of Earth's coastlines. Within 24 hours, the waves entered the Indian Ocean from both sides after travelling across the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The Central American Seaway once separated North and South America. Four hours post-impact, the waves passed through the Central American Seaway and into the Pacific Ocean.
While MOM6 is used to model deep ocean tsunamis, MOST is part of tsunami forecasting at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Tsunami Warning Centers.īoth models delivered almost the exact same results, creating a timeline of the tsunami for the research team.Īn hour after impact, the tsunami had travel beyond the Gulf of Mexico into the North Atlantic Ocean. This simulation was then entered into two different global tsunami models, MOM6 and MOST. Ten minutes after impact, a ring-shaped wave about a mile high began travelling across the ocean in all directions from a point that was located 137 miles (220 kilometres) away from the impact. This wave subsided as exploded material fell back to Earth.īut as the debris fell, it created even more chaotic waves. Less than three minutes later, rocks, sediments and other debris pushed a wall of water away from the impact, creating a 2.8 mile (4.5 kilometer) tall wave, according to the simulation. He included the size of the asteroid and its speed, which was estimated to be moving at 26,843 miles per hour (43,200 kilometers per hour) when it hit the granite crust and shallow waters of the Yucatan peninsula. The energy of the asteroid impact was at least 100,000 times larger than the Tonga volcanic eruption earlier this year.īrandon Johnson, study coauthor and an associate professor at Purdue University, used a large computer program called a hydrocode to simulate the first 10 minutes of the Chicxulub impact, including the formation of the crater and the beginning of the tsunami. Researchers estimate that the tsunami was up to 30,000 times more energetic than the DecemIndian Ocean tsunami, one of the largest on record, that killed more than 230,000 people. "This tsunami was strong enough to disturb and erode sediments in ocean basins halfway around the globe, leaving either a gap in the sedimentary records or a jumble of older sediments," said lead author Molly Range, who began working on the study as an undergraduate student and completed it for her master's thesis at the University of Michigan. It effectively wiped away the sediment record of what happened before the event, as well as during it. The tsunami was powerful enough to create towering waves more than a mile high and scour the ocean floor thousands of miles away from where the asteroid hit, according to the study. It's the first global simulation of the tsunami caused by the Chicxulub impact to be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal, according to the authors. A study detailing the findings published Tuesday in the journal American Geophysical Union Advances. They found evidence to support their findings about the path and power of the tsunami by studying 120 ocean sediment cores from across the globe. Researchers set out to gain a better understanding of the tsunami and its reach through modeling. Within 48 hours, a tsunami had circled the globe - and it was thousands of times more energetic than modern tsunamis caused by earthquakes.
Global temperatures fluctuated plumes of aerosol, soot and dust filled the air and wildfires started as flaming pieces of material blasted from the impact re-entered the atmosphere and rained down.
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When the asteroid hit, it created a series of cataclysmic events. In addition to ending the reign of the dinosaurs, the direct hit triggered a mass extinction of 75 per cent of animal and plant life on the planet. The asteroid, about 8.7 miles (14 kilometres) wide, left an impact crater about 62 miles (100 kilometres) across near Mexico's Yucatan peninsula. When a city-size asteroid slammed into Earth 66 million years ago, it wiped out the dinosaurs - and sent a monster tsunami rippling around the planet, according to new research.
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